Update:
When disabling the dccb-nfsprd01 datastore and forcing all clones operations to the dccb-nfsprd02 datastore, everything seems to work fine. So what I ended up doing was deleting and recreating the new NFS filesystem and export. On the newly recreate and mounted datastore, I still get the above errors when attempting to publish to the catalog.
Also when disabling VAAI in vCD the error goes away and the task succeeds. Does anything have any thoughts as to why VAAI might be acting this way?